ABSTRACT
The study is aimed to create a valid and appropriate instrument to measure the awareness level of Indonesians on the COVID-19 pandemic by using the ORID (Objective, Reflective, Interpretational and Decisional) instrument and to analyze the strategies to develop the knowledge needed to raise the awareness level. This study employed a descriptive approach by combining quantitative and qualitative methods. To determine the level of ORID awareness of respondents in Indonesia, descriptive statistics and inferential testing were used using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The results of the study concluded that increasing awareness of ORID in Indonesian society is unidimensional. That is, all aspects of the formation of ORID have a positive and significant contribution in increasing ORID awareness, although each aspect has a different contribution. Inequality of knowledge is one of the problems that cause differences in the level of public awareness in understanding the COVID-19 pandemic and thus making it difficult for the authorities to deal with the pandemic effectively. Overall, holistic approach needs to be applied by the government and communicated to the people so that government policies adopted in overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic by strengthening social capital can be carried out more effectively. Meanwhile, the social capital could increase people's knowledge and the effectiveness of health protocols and other protective behaviors. Nevertheless, the ORID instrument could play as a vital role in disaster mitigation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
ABSTRACT
Covid-19 has had an effect on various aspects of life. This study was to compare spatial distribution of covid-19 in Indonesia and Malaysia and its prevention efforts. The design of this study is a comparative study using descriptive analysis. Research was carry out in June through September 2020, taking location in Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia and Perak, Malaysia. Research focuses to data on infected positive patients with covid-19. Research data uses a secondary data, which is official statistics of covid-19. Statistical data then tabulated and mapping. The administrative map of both research sites used as a basis for the production spatial distribution map of positive patients infected with covid-19. Research shows that the number of positive patients infected by covid-19 June through September 2020 in five districts of Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia continued to increase significantly. Judging from time, spatial factors changes in covid-19 risk zones occurred in June to September 2020. Public movement and open access to Central Java Province causes 5 districts on Yogyakarta Special Region enter the high risk zone covid-19. Compared with Perak, Malaysia it different, spatially covid-19 infected number of positive patients in Perak, six district are relatively steady and four district are increasing. The increase occurred in Kinta District of July and August 2020, Kerian District of August 2020, Kuala Kangsar District of July 2020, and Perak Tengah District of September 2020. Judging from time, spatial factors do not changes the covid-19 risk zone from June to September 2020. Public movement and open access to Kedah, Kelantan, and Selangor caused two districts in Perak enter the high risk zone covid-19, five districts enter the medium risk zone covid-19, and three district enter the low risk zone covid-19. Indonesia and Malaysia's government efforts to prevent the spread of covid-19 are almost the same, which are restrictions on several public activities, clean and healthy socialization of living behaviour in all sectors, implementation of health discipline protocol in new normal, and provide of update covid-19 information data. The difference, lies in implementation lockdown, which some areas in Indonesia include Yogyakarta Special Region do not apply on Large Scale Social Restrictions (LSSR) like Jakarta, while a full implementation of lockdown in Malaysia through Movement Control Order (MCO) including Perak, so a growing number of covid-19 cases can be more pressure.